Reproductive stage physiological and transcriptional. Quantitative trait loci qtl for salt stress and major problems in comparison of qtls. These stresses severely affect rice growth and chloroplast development, and thus productivity heng et al. Effects of salt stress on growth, mineral nutrition and proline accumulation in relation to osmotic adjustment in rice oryza sativa l. Effect of salinity stress on growth, sugar content, pigments and enzyme activity of rice. Tarom azmoon was exposed to 200 mm nacl for 14 days. Conversely, combined treatments of 2,4d and saline stress significantly alleviated the growth inhibition and oxidative stress in roots of rice cultivars by modulating lignin and callose. Enhanced tolerance to salt stress in transgenic rice that. Threedimensional ultrastructural change of chloroplasts. Generally, osmotic stress is the primary effect in shortterm salinity treatment while. Timing of salinity stress affects rice growth and yield. Tolerance to mild salinity stress in japonica rice. Increase in soil salinity levels is becoming a major cause of crop yield losses worldwide. Previously, we have reported that rice suv3 functions as dna and rna helicase and provides salinity stress.
Soil salinity is one of the important abiotic stress factors that affect rice productivity and quality. Overexpression of salt stress inducible snac1 hu et al. Effect of salinity on chlorophyll concentration, leaf area, yield and yield components of rice genotypes grown under saline environment y. Susceptibility or tolerance of rice plants to high salinity is a coordinated action of multiple stress. In the present study, we cloned and characterized the osmyb6 gene, which was induced by drought and salinity stress. A good solution would be the development of an efficient screening methodology to identify genotypes possessing genes for salt tolerance. However, rice is very sensitive to salinity and is the most salt sensitive cereal crop with a threshold of 3 dsm. Thus although some indications of oxidative stress accompany exposure of this saltsensitive rice variety to salinity, mechanisms appear to exist within its shoot tissue to permit the tolerance of such oxidative stress. Salinity effects on seedling growth and yield components of rice linghe zeng and michael c.
Salinity is one of the most important abiotic stress affecting the world rice production. Identification of superior alleles for seedling stage salt tolerance in. Salinity in soil or water is one of the major stresses, can severely limit crop production shannon, 1998. Tahir nuclear institute for agriculture and biology, faisalabad, pakistan abstract. The aim of this work was to examine agronomic, compositional, and functional changes in rice oryza sativa l. We make extensive use of comparisons with model organisms, halophytic plants, and yeast, which provide a paradigm for many responses to salinity exhibited by. Results show that rice varieties respond to salinity differently. Response regulators 9 and 10 negatively regulate salinity. Varieties like upn 509, upn 216, constantly showed high mean value for leaf area index, grain weight, plant height and tillering ability across the salinity concentration gradient in salinity tolerance index. The salinity sensitivity of a rice variety is not only determined by the salinity level but also by the salinity stress time. Rice is particularly sensitive to salt stress during the seedling stage, with consequent poor crop establishment, as well as during reproduction where salinity can severely disrupt grain formation and yield. Among these, salinity is a major stress which results in a significant loss of global rice yield annually.
Khao dawk mali 105 salt sensitive, luang anan moderately salt tolerant and pokkali salt tolerant2,12. Eight different root and shoot growth parameters were measured for both the control. Although some success has been reported for enhanced salinity stress tolerance in rice, the achievements so far are quite modest. The results demonstrated that, response of root length to salt stress was more severe than shoot length figure 2. Effects of salt stress on growth, mineral nutrition and. However, under severe salinity stress, the total tocopherol content increased significantly only in l1,2 and l3,4 figure figure4d 4d. Overall, this study documents the specific response of rice under defined conditions, and illustrates that the plasticity of plant response to mild stress is complex and highly contextdependent, even under greenhouse conditions in which other potential environmental stress impacts are minimized. Salinity is a widespread soil problem limiting productivity of cereal crops worldwide. However, the phosphoproteome in rice, particularly under salinity stress, has not been well studied. Increases in rice productivity are significantly hampered because of the increase in the occurrence of abiotic stresses, including drought, salinity, and submergence. A deadbox rna helicase tcd33 that confers chloroplast. Salinity tolerance is an important quality for european rice grown in river deltas. Better understanding of the mechanisms responsible for salinity and alkaline stress tolerance would allow researchers to modify rice to increase its resistance to salinity and alkaline stress.
Full length article cross adaptation tolerance in rice. Due to the large genetic variability, rice varieties possess different degrees of salt. Research with several dicotyledonous plants indicated that the detrimental effects associated with salinity stress can partly be overcome by the external application of antioxidative substances. Soil salinity is a major environmental constraint to crop production with negative impacts on growth rates, tillering and seed production. Treatments were four combinations of two levels of osmotic stress at two developmental stages. Irri has already using marker assisted selection for saltol qtl, responsible for seedling stage salinity tolerance in rice, to facilitate the breeding for salt tolerant cultivars. Salinity stress negatively impacts agricultural yield throughout the world affecting production whether it is for subsistence or economic gain. Shoot length, root length and dry weight decreased with increasing salt stress in transgenic rice. Salinity stress is one of the main factors limiting legume productivity in many parts of the world. Salinity effects on seedling growth and yield components.
The effects of low water input, and high salt levels, on rice growth has been the focus of recent research. In present study, rl was generally reduced under salinity stress in all genotypes except basmati198. Under salinity stress, changes of chemical contents also differed among phenolic compounds and rice cultivars. Nipponbare grains from plants grown under lowtomoderate salinity stress in the greenhouse. Petronia carillo, maria grazia annunziata, giovanni pontecorvo, amodio fuggi and pasqualina woodrow september 22nd 2011. Phenotypic and physiological evaluation for drought and salinity stress responses in rice. Eyfp fusion protein was predominately expressed in the cytoplasm, golgi, and plasma me.
Comprehensive phenotypic analysis of rice oryza sativa. The effects of the osmotic component of salt stress on rice cultivar ir64 were examined. Effects of salt stress on rice growth, development characteristics, and. Apr 11, 2017 reproductive stage physiological and transcriptional responses to salinity stress in reciprocal populations derived from tolerant horkuch and susceptible ir29 rice. Effects of timing and severity of salinity stress on rice. We systematically analyzed phenotypic data previously. We use cookies to offer you a better experience, personalize content, tailor advertising, provide social media features, and better understand the use of our services. Salinity stress concentration of 3 during tillering and heading.
Evaluating rice for salinity using potculture provides a. Pyramiding qtls controlling tolerance against drought. Differential sensitivity during growth stages is one of the major issues in the management of saline water for irrigation. Rice is one of the major cereal crops in the world, especially in asia, and faces diverse environmental stresses, such as cold stress, heat shock, high salinity, and drought. In rice, most typea osrrs are induced by salinity stress, but osrr9osrr10 is repressed in seedlings jain et al. Dna methylation governs gene regulation in plants in response to environmental conditions. In this study, we screened a total of 92 genotypes and selected the most salinity tolerant line ss114 and most susceptible line. Medium and highlevel stress applied at the vegetative and reproductive stages using salt nacl and polyethylene glycol6000 peg as sources of osmotic stress.
Advisory officer, natural resource advisory services, wagga wagga. There are three types of salinity effects on plants, osmotic stress, speci. Pdf phenotypic and physiological evaluation for drought. Being a coastal state along the gulf of mexico, salinity has become a major issue for rice growers in louisiana. Preliminary results suggest chilling tolerance in the transformant. Comprehensive analysis of the physiological and metabolite changes in rice plants from salinity stress i. However, rice production is severely affected by high salinity levels, particularly at the seedling stage. Assessment of salinity tolerance in rice using seedling. A new salinity tolerance screening technique using rice seedlings. Molecular and physiological traits imparting resistancetolerance and susceptibility to a particular biotic and abiotic stress are important from crop production point of view. Rice is a staple food across asia, with both people and economies reliant on its.
Despite many attempts using different strategies to improve salinity tolerance in rice, the achievements so far are quite modest. Researchers are looking for effective method to reduce salt damage to plants. Salinity stress is a significant factor in reducing rice productivity. The objective of this study was to identify salt tolerant genotype for deployment into salt stressed regions and also for population improvement for salinity breeding programme.
The sensitivity of rice plants toward a range of abiotic stresses is a prime challenge for its overall growth and productivity. Salinity is the accumulation of salts often dominated by sodium chloride in soil and water to levels that impact on human and natural assets e. Enhanced rice salinity tolerance via crisprcas9targeted. Summary of genetic engineering approach for salinity stress tolerance in rice. Previously, the decrease in rl was reported under salt stress in. Present report deals with the effect of varying 0 200 mm nacl salt stress on two popular scented non basmati type indica rice cultivars, namely indrayani and. Effect of salinity stress on growth, sugar content. Shannon abstract reduction were observed scardaci et al. Micrornas mirnas are 21nucleotide rnas that are ubiquitous regulators of gene expression in eukaryotic. Myb transcription factors have been demonstrated to play key regulatory roles in plant growth, development and abiotic stress response. Insights into genomics of salt stress response in rice rice. On the basis of tolerance ability toward salinity, rice is considered as saltsensitive crop, and growth and yield of rice are. Effects of salt stress on growth, mineral nutrition and proline. The present study was conducted to develop abiotic.
Rice is a model plant of monocotyledons, including cereal crops. Effects of growing rice in low water, high salt conditions. Salinity, oxidative stress and antioxidant responses in shoot. Salt tolerant and sensitive rice varieties display. Effects of salinity stress on growth, chlorophyll content and ion accumulation in two indica rice oriza sativa l. Proteome and phosphoproteome differential expression under.
It was observed that salinity stress caused a significant decrease in shoot lengths, fresh and dry weights of all rice varieties. Pihog1, a stress regulator map kinase from the root. For instance, sodium selenate na2seo4 significantly improved the growth and productivity of. Pdf the effects of mild salinity and osmotic pretreatment. Exploration of relationships between physiological parameters.
Frontiers overexpression of a myb family gene, osmyb6. Na, ca, mg, cl, and so4 are the major ions involved. Modulation of salt tolerance in thai jasmine rice oryza sativa l. Susceptibility and tolerance of rice crop to salt threat plos. Effects of salinity stress on growth, chlorophyll content. This study was conducted to determine the correlation between of salinity stress on growth and phenolic compounds in rice. Salt stress is a major constraint to rice acreage and. Here, we analyzed role of dna methylation under desiccation. Salt tolerance is generally known as a complex quantitative trait which is controlled by multiple genes chinnusamy et al. High salinity stress induces several nac genes in rice as well. Excess salinity inhibits the metabolism of various systems and induces structural changes, especially in chloroplasts. Two yield parameters, tiller number per plant and spikelet number per panicle, have proved most sensitive to salinity and are highly significantly correlated to final seed yield in rice cultivar under salt stress zeng and shannon, 2000. Generally, osmotic stress is the primary effect in shortterm salinity treatment while speci. The suv3 suppressor of var 3 gene encodes a dna and rna helicase, which is localized in the mitochondria.
Abstract molecular and physiological traits imparting resistancetolerance and susceptibility to a particular biotic and. Pdf improvement of salinity stress tolerance in rice. Salinity effects on seedling growth and yield components of rice. Antioxidant responses of rice seedlings to salinity stress. However, knowledge concerning the involvement of rice myb genes in salinity and drought stress resistance are largely unknown. Khao dawk mali 105 saltsensitive, luang anan moderately salttolerant and pokkali salttolerant2,12.
Root is the organ which has direct contact with salt solution and thus it can be a good selection criteria for salinity tolerance 32. Ossuv3 transgenic rice maintains higher endogenous levels. Frontiers sodium selenate treatment using a combination. Effect of salinity stress on growth and carbohydrate. Exploration of relationships between physiological. In this study, we examined the function of rice regulatory factors osrr9 and osrr10 in response to salinity stress. Responses of photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence and ros.
Effects of salinity stress on growth and phenolics of rice. Thus, the enhancement of photorespiration conferred resistance to salt in rice plants. Salinity caused a significant reduction on root length and shoot length. Here, we characterized the rice oryza sativa really interesting new gene ring h2. Nov 16, 2016 most of the rice salinity tolerance genes were found to be downregulated even under salinity stress condition in case of rice plant colonized with the wt p. S anuradha, s s r raoeffect of brassinosteroids on salinity stress induced inhibition of seed germination and seedling growth of rice oryza sativa l. It is hoped that genomics approaches will play a greater part in this exploitation of land by providing salt tolerant crop cultivars. This differential expression of typea arrs suggests that there may be functional differences among typea rrs. Salinity stress and salt tolerance 23 salts in many landscape soils comes from ice melters used on roads and sidewalks. Salinity threat is estimated to reduce global rice production by 50%. Ebook plant stress physiology as pdf download portable. Salt tolerance is an important constrain for rice, which is generally categorized as a typical glycophyte. Genetic dissection of salt tolerance in rice louisiana.
The need for salt tolerant rice varieties able to cope with several other stress conditions obviously puts a lot of pressure on breeders who must better comprehend the physiology and genetic control of salt tolerance. In recent years, crisprcas9 systems have been widely used for targetsite genome editing. Antioxidant responses of rice seedlings to salinity stress antioxidant responses of rice seedlings to salinity stress dionisiosese, maribel l. Effect of salinity on chlorophyll concentration, leaf area. Salinity stress and salt tolerance, abiotic stress in plants mechanisms and adaptations, arun shanker and b. Among the various sources of soil salinity, irrigation combined with poor drainage is the. Salinity and alkalinity are the two main environmental factors that limit rice production. This study was designed to analyze the effects of salinity on plant growth and yield components of rice by composing 20day periods of salinization at different growth stages.
The pro content slightly decreased in l1,2 leaves, but did not show significant changes in maize root and l3,4 leaves figure figure4e 4e under exposure to. Overexpression of osif in transgenic rice enhanced tolerance to salinity and heat stress, while its knockdown kd rendered plants more sensitive thereby indicating the. Shannon flood irrigation practices that are commonly used in california et al. A new salinity tolerance screening technique using rice seedlings in. The plant response to salinity consists of numerous processes that must function in coordination to alleviate both cellular hyperosmolarity and ion disequilibrium. Rice is one of the most important staple crops consumed by a large part of the human population but the issue of salinity is one of the limiting factors affecting its productivity.
Being a glycophyte by nature, its growth is severely imparted in. To increase the grain yield of rice under salinity, it is imperative to first understand the basic molecular machineries of salt tolerance. We evaluated the salinity tolerance of a panel of 235 temperate japonica rice accessions genotyped with 30,000 snp markers. Bisulphite sequencing reveals dynamic dna methylation. Simulating yield response of rice to salinity stress with. Studies have suggested a critical role of protein phosphorylation in salt stress response in plants. Rice is an attractive model organism to study salt tolerance due to its small genome size, a welldeveloped transformation system, availability of numerous genomic resources including high density linkage map, and whole genome sequence.
Germination and seedling growth of pulse crop vigna spp. However, the arabidopsis ortholog of suv3 at4g14790 has been shown to be involved in embryo sac development. Effect of salinity on germination, seedling growth and acid. Plant stress physiology top results of your surfing plant stress physiology start download portable document format pdf and ebooks electronic books free online rating news 20162017 is books that can provide inspiration, insight, knowledge to the reader. For example, transgenic technology was applied to increase crop resistance to salt stress upadhyaya et al. The cultivation of salinitytolerant cultivars is the most costeffective and environmentally friendly approach for salinity control. Effects of salinity stress on growth, chlorophyll content and. Overexpression of this gene in rice is associated with increased level of trehalose and proline along with upregulation of some of the stress inducible genes including wsi18, rab16c, hsp70 and elip. Susceptibility and tolerance of rice crop to salt threat. A schematic view of the rice chromosomes on which salt tolerance qtls and candidate genes are positioned is also. Developing a rice variety with inherent tolerance against these major abiotic stresses will help achieve a sustained increase in rice production under unfavorable conditions. Salinity is a major yieldreducing factor in coastal and arid, irrigated rice production systems.
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