Analysis of threatened endemic trees of the western ghats of india. The main types of soils met with in the western ghats are red soils, laterites, black soils and humid soils. India is considered to be a storehouse of medicinal plants. May 23, 2016 as a global biodiversity hotspot and a world heritage site, the western ghats is a magnet for conservationists, nature lovers, scientists and researchers hoping to delve into the secrets of its abunda. Western ghats also known as the great escarpment of india is home to wide ranges of wild animal and bird species. Among the 25 hot spots of the world, two are found in india extending into neighboring countries the western ghats sri lanka and the indoburma region covering the eastern himalayas. Analysis of threatened endemic trees of the western ghats of. Eighteen species of endophytic fungi were isolated from bark, stem and leaf segments of five medicinal plant species growing within the kudremukh range in the western ghats of india. Keywords endemism, evergreen forest trees, india, sexual systems, western. Rare plant species rediscovered in western ghats after. Forest trees of the western ghats authored by neginhal s. A total of 28 plants in the brahma database are found in western ghats. Yet, the western ghats had fewer species than other tropical and neotropical forests. From this point radiate three rangesthe anaimalai to the north, the palni to the northeast, and the cardamom hills to the south.
Pdf the status and distribution of aquatic plants of the. Nesting season december to march general features endemic to the western ghats. Located in the western ghats range, it rises to 8,842 feet 2,695 metres and is peninsular indias highest peak. Western ghats with its species diversity is a treasure house of different kinds medicinal plants. About 23,000 names systematically and nomenclaturally converging to over 7,400 species. The plant collection and identification of the ret listed climbing species of the southern western ghats was done during 20112014. Srivastava2 1rain forest research institute, deovan, sotai ali, post box 6, jorhat 785 001 assam, india 2national botanical research institute. Sep 11, 2017 there is no field guide available on the evergreen and endemic woody plants of the western ghats, points out dr. Flowering plants of the western ghats, india, by t. The entire western ghats is known for its biodiversity, richness and endemism of different species. The western ghats comprises the major portion of the western ghats and sri lanka hotspot, one of 34 global biodiversity hotspots for conservation and one of the two on the indian subcontinent.
This, he says, was a big motivation behind bringing out the book. This article is on the folk and indigenous knowledge system of the tribal community of western ghats of karnataka particularly on medicinal plants and their socioeconomic dependence on the forests. Gomphidae from the western ghats, india with comments on the status of cyclogomphus. Indigenous knowledge on medicinal plants among the iruliga. Plant conservation in the western ghats, india whitley award. A two volume work dealing with the entire flowering plants of the western ghats has been published by the jawaharlal nehru tropical botanic garden and research institute at palode in. A photographic guide to endemic woody plants of the western. On the monsoon trail in the western ghats the behaviour of plants and animals in keralas gurukula botanical sanctuary shows monsoon is going awry. The north western ghats montane rain forests are one of two montane rain forest ecoregions the other is the south western ghats montane rain forests along the western ghats mountain range, renowned for its large number of species, particularly endemics. Page, primarily because very few people have taken the effort to photographically document the vegetative and reproductive stages of these species. Floristic works are generally delimited by political boundaries but this work has broadly covered the flowering plants of the western ghats. Important bird areas ibas and plant diversity hotspots in the western ghats.
The present study was conducted to identify the rare, endangered and threatened climbing plants in southern western ghats of tamil nadu, india. Jul 17, 2015 2 new plant species discovered in western ghats t. Jan 12, 2015 the western ghats is the home for about 50 million people belonging to the six states of the country. Medicinal plants of sacred groves in kanyakumari district. Hence, there is an urgent need to propagate and conserve each and every plant species. Although western ghats are a part of the continental area, they are protected by vast sea along the western side, vindhya and satpura ranges on the northern side, semiarid deccan plateau on the eastern side and indian ocean on the south which act as barriers for. It is important to know whether or not it represents an accurate estimate of the proportion of threatened plants in the indian flora. The western ghats sahyadri biodiversity hotspot less than 6% of the land area of india, but contains more than 30% of all plant, bird, and mammal species found in the country.
The western ghats or sahyadri runs north to south along the western edge of the deccan plateau, and separates the plateau from a narrow coastal plain along the arabian s. Rapid in vitro multiplication protocol for ceropegia. All flowering plants growing in 6 south indian states gujarat, maharashtra, karnataka, kerala, tamilnadu and andhra pradesh along with goa and pandichery are eligible to assign this mission. Endemic indirana frogs of the western ghats biodiversity. About,000 local names in six indian languages are present in the work. The western ghats is one amongst the 25 biodiversity hotspots in the world. Rapid in vitro multiplication protocol for ceropegia noorjahaniae ans.
Rainfall 8004,000 mm undulating terrain to 2700 mts 1600 km long x 100 km wide. Rare plant species rediscovered in western ghats after more. Conservation of medicinal plants of western ghats, india. An initiative by the rufford small grants, uk 1 conservation and promotion of endangered medicinal plant species from western ghats of india submitted to the rufford small grants foundation, uk submitted to the rufford small grants foundation, uk by ankur patwardhan pi. Among the indigenous species, 2,253 species are endemic to india and of them, 1,273 species are exclusively confined to the western ghats. The western ghats lies with the sahyadri mountains ranges along the western side of india and separates the deccan plateau from a narrow coastal plain of the arabian sea. Medicinal plant species of western ghats represent a variety of life form ranging from lichen, algae, herbs, shrubs, climber and trees, which are annuals to perennials. Cepfs investment in the hotspot focused on the western ghats.
The beautiful green valley is home to thousands of wild animal species including at least 325 globally threatened speci. Kodagu is situated in the western ghats of peninsular india and is known for its majestic mountain ranges, coffee plantations, and teak wood forests. Endemic flowering plants of northern western ghats sahyadri ranges of india. Western ghats and west coast of peninsular india crc press book this is the second of a fivevolume set. Gadgils western ghats western ghats landscape across 1,29,037 sq km. It is the source of water for the entire peninsular india, and also influences the monsoons. A photographic guide to endemic woody plants of the. All flowering plants including native indian, exotic, commercially planted. Fungal endophytes in five medicinal plant species from.
Ethnobotany can be described as the relationship and interactions between man and his surrounding local environment1. Gk, general studies, optional notes for upsc, ias, banking, civil services. Gadgil report and kasturirangan report on western ghats. The western side of the western ghats is on the threshold of southwest monsoon and receives a rainfall of 203254 cm, and the eastern side lies in the rainshadow area of the peninsula. The wet evergreen forests at high, medium and low elevations in the western ghats house a number of. Endemic and threatened flowering plants of western ghats. Ethnomedicinal plants in kolli hills of eastern ghats in. The status and distribution of aquatic plants of the western ghats.
A unesco world heritage site and a biodiversity hotspot, the western ghats ecoregion is a storehouse of natural treasures found nowhere else in the world. The amazing wildlife in the rainforests of western ghats. Analysis of threatened endemic trees of the western ghats of india sheds new light on the red data book of indian plants springerlink. Western ghats are only next to himalaya in having high number of endemic plants. The western ghats, host numerous areas with unique biodiversity and play a key role in the peninsulas hydrology but for stunning landscapes one of my favorite places is the confluence of ranges and their cliffs and valleys that surround the small hamlet of kurangani.
Pdf endemic flowering plants of northern western ghats. The range starts south of the tapti river near the border of gujarat and maharashtra, and runs approximately 1600 km through the states of maharashtra, goa, karnataka, kerala, and tamil nadu, almost to the southern tip of the. The rainforest of india runs parallel to the arabian sea along with west coast of india and form one of the top ten hottest biodiversity hotspots in the world. The life supporting and biodiversity rich ecosystems of western ghats are threatened today due to habitat pressures. Endemism in liverworts of western ghats and their present status.
Apart from bringing together what is known about the morphology, systematics, basic ecology and biology of these frogs, we paid particular attention to what is known about. Pdf flowering plants of the western ghats, india vol. Reveiw article potential antiinflammatory bioactives from. Only 10% of original forest still covers the western ghat mountains of southern india. Ethnomedicinal plants in kolli hills of eastern ghats in tamil nadu, india india is rich in cultural and floristic diversity and also a store house of ethnobotanical knowledge. Vegetation and phytogeography of the western ghats springerlink. From the kerala part of western ghats, the literature survey revealed that only 53 species of macrolichens occur in.
Freshwater aquatic plants of the western ghats place. The dominant endophytic fungal species isolated from these plant species were curvularia clavata, c. Research article endophytic fungal diversity in medicinal plants of western ghats, india monnandasomaiahnalini, 1 ningarajusunayana, 2 andharischandrasripathyprakash 2 department of studies in botany, university of mysore, manasagangotri, mysore, karnataka, india. Floristic works are generally delimited by political boundaries but this work has broadly covered the flowering plants of the western ghats for the first time. There are 159 flowering plant taxa belonging to 81 genera and 31 families found to be strictly endemic to the sahyadri ranges. Freshwater aquatic plants of the western ghats checklist. Another significant collection is, several hundred specimens from the forests of western ghats, an area not well represented in most south indian herbaria. Digital herbarium of angiospermic plants of western ghats. Ghat, a term used in the indian subcontinent, depending on the context could refer either to a range of steppedhills with valleys ghati in hindi, such as the eastern ghats and western ghats. This book contains description of all forest trees in peninsular india and most of srilanka too. One of the worlds most biodiverse tropical ecosystems, high levels of floral endemism make the forests unique. India has many regions of unique ecological niche harboring variety of medicinal plants. An updating of the rdb is urgently needed, particularly for the endemic plants of the western ghats.
Some endemic species of western ghats leptocoma minima crimson backed sunbird habitat western ghats. Rare, endangered and threatened ret climbers of southern. Even, information about the subspecies found in western ghats or south india is added. Some important medicinal plants of the western ghats, india. Research article endophytic fungal diversity in medicinal. Western ghats of india is one of the richest hotspot of biological diversity in the world and harbour 38 eastand 27 westflowing rivers to drain the entire watershed region and other wetlands. Though covering an area of 180,000km 2, or just under 6 per cent of the land area of india, the western ghats contain more than 30 per cent of all plant, fish, herpetofauna, bird, and mammal species found in india. Digital herbarium of angiospermic plants of western ghats of maharashtra is a university grant commission, new delhi, funded project ugc reference no. Some important medicinal plants of the western ghats, india is the output of the international development research centre idrc sponsored research project implemented between october 1993 and march 1999 by arya vaidya sala avs, kottakkal, kerala state, india.
Apr 25, 2017 the western ghats is a mountain range running parallel to peninsular indias western coast. Along with common names and complete scientific names, wing span, larval host plants, and distribution of each species is given. One such region in the peninsular india is kodagu district, the land of coffee cultivation. Of the 7,402 species of flowering plants occurring in the western ghats, 5,588 species are native or indigenous and 376 are exotics naturalised. Pdf maruthamalai hills of western ghats, coimbatore. The families poaceae, fabaceae, mimosaceae and euphorbiaceae have contributed. The limited knowledge on the varied use of the medicinal plants, their availability and extent of distribution weakens the ways to utilize these resources efficiently. More than 7,000 of the plant species have been recorded from the western ghats with the number of endemics estimated to be 2,253 nayar et al. This paper presents a thorough checklist of mammals of western ghats along with the status according to the 1994 iucn red list criteria of the taxa in western ghats if endemic or in india. All flowering plants including native indian, exotic, commercially planted cultivars of tree, shrub, climber, herb types are eligible. Endophytic fungal diversity in medicinal plants of western. The collection is richest in plants from the state of karnataka with holdings from the adjoining states of tamilnadu and kerala as well. Serial nomination of the western ghats of india unesco world. This series of volumes on the ethnobotany of different regions of india melds important knowledge in one place.
A checklist of endemic flowering plant species of the northern western ghats sahyadri ranges of india is provided along with their iucn threatened category. The western ghats or sahyadri mountains run along the western edge of indias deccan plateau, and separate the plateau from a narrow coastal plain along the arabian sea. The wild plant was redicsovered in a biosphere reserve in tirunelveli district of tamil nadu. The western ghats of kerala region is thickly populated and famous for exotic food crops, spices, herbs and medicinal plants. There is no field guide available on the evergreen and endemic woody plants of the western ghats, points out dr. Similarly, western ghats supports a good diversity of biologically interesting plants like the insectivorous species droseraceae, lentibulariaceae, parasitic plants lauraceae, cuscutaceae, orobanchaceae, scrophulariaceae, viscaceae, saprophytes burmanniaceae, some orchids. A team of researchers from the state have reported the discovery of two new plant species from the pooyamkuttyadamalayar and neriamangalam forest regions, highlighting the rich biodiversity of. The remaining natural ecosystems of this mountain range are subject to a number of threats that vary widely in the nature and intensity of their impacts on biodiversity.
We provide a list of species that are likely to be threatened, yet are not listed. Plants are hardy and survive at temperatures upto 4c. It has rich and unique assemblage of flora and fauna mi ttermeier et al. Pdf flowering plants of the western ghats, india sibi. At least 325 globally threatened plant species occur there. The biodiversity hotspot of the western ghats, india. Heavy migration took place to western ghats region from the plains of kerala since 1960s and the forest flora and fauna are under severe threat and extinction. Flora of western ghats, india welcome to worlds first website on flora of western ghats. Endemism in liverworts of western ghats archive for bryology 99 2011 1 endemism in liverworts of western ghats and their present status praveen kumar verma1 and s. The dry deciduous forests of maruthamalai, part of western ghats, coimbatore district, tamilnadu hold rich number of 201 species belonging to 153 genera of 51 families. Found in forest, sometimes nearby gardens having suitable flowering plants. The western ghats cover five different states of india. The western ghats, also known as sahyadri benevolent mountains, are a mountain range. Identifying such trees on your next trek in the ghats could be easier if you carry along the new endemic woody plants of the western ghats.
Flowering plants of the western ghats efloraofindia. We need to know what all we have lost and how uch we have lost in this tsunami of human encroachment. Water lily, lotus, sacred lotus, east indian lotus. The wet evergreen forests of the western ghats of india are one of the global biodiversity hotspots, being rich in biodiversity and endemic species myers et al.
For every species colour illustrations showing the upperside, underside, male and female, wherever dimorphic, are given. Therefore, it is required to bring the information in various sources into one roof. I searched for this reference especially because i could see severe impact humans have made on this fragile konkan ecosystem. Flowering plants of western ghats get a reference the hindu. General introduction biodiversity of western ghats india is recognized as one of the worlds 12 megabiodiversity nations. Grows on soils derived from both sedimentary and igneous rocks, although it may prefer limestone areas. A landscape approach to biodiversity conservation of sacred. Effectiveness of medicinal plant conservation areas in. Endemism and sexual systems in the evergreen tree flora of. Endemic tree species of western ghats, french institute of pondicherry french global environment facility. This project covers prominent tree species and shrubs from 10 districts, located in western ghat regions of maharashtra, viz.
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